The methods of producing copper from ore include two main methods: pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. In the hydrometallurgical method, mineral ores are subjected to crushing and agglomeration operations after being extracted from the mine, and by performing dissolution (leaching) operations on it, a solution containing mineral elements is obtained. In the continuation, copper metal is extracted from the solution of toir blocks with the help of refining processes (separation with solvent or ion exchange and electrowinning).

The method of pyrometallurgy includes ore extraction, anode melting and casting, and finally, electrolytic refining and obtaining pure copper.

In this method, after full grading, the concentrate is melted in the flash furnace and turns into matte copper containing 45% copper. The matte copper is poured into converter furnaces, with the passage of air, impurities (especially iron and sulfur) are oxidized and transferred to slag. This copper, which contains more than 3.99% copper, is called raw copper or blister copper. Blister copper enters the anode furnace using bottles.

In these furnaces, with the injection of propane gas, other impurities are burned together with copper and removed until the purity of copper reaches 7.99%. The output of the anode furnace enters the casting cycle and the anode plates are produced. In the next step, it is converted to 99.9% copper in electrolysis.

In the melting stages, erosion caused by melt turbulence and severe chemical corrosion in the part of the air outlet toir blocks has caused the production of consumable parts in the toir block manufacturing sector to have high technical knowledge.These toir blocks, which are installed in the converter and the anode furnace, have high sensitivity, and their performance and lifespan are considered the main factors of stopping the converter or the anode furnace. These parts were produced for the first time by Atlasseram Kavir company using nano technology and ultra-cooling method and were used in Sarchashme copper complex and Khatunabad copper complex.